Chitoliro chachitsulo chophatikizika chimapangidwa ndi zinthu ziwiri (kapena kupitilira apo) zophatikizidwa kukhala chimodzi kudzera munjira zina zaukadaulo kotero kuti zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe athunthu Chitoliro chatsopano chachitsulo chogonana.Kuyambira m'ma 1960, Japan, United States, Germany, United Kingdom ndi mayiko ena agwirizana kwambiri pa chitukuko cha gulu zitsulo chitoliro, gulu zitsulo chitoliro mankhwala mu mphamvu, shipbuilding, mankhwala, mafuta ndi makina ndi madera ena akhala ambiri. ntchito.
Chitoliro chachitsulo chophatikizika chimapangidwa ndi zinthu ziwiri (kapena kupitilira apo) zophatikizidwa kukhala chimodzi kudzera munjira zina zaukadaulo kuti zikhale ndi mawonekedwe athunthu.
Kuyambira zaka za m'ma 1960, Japan, United States, Germany, United Kingdom ndi mayiko ena agwirizana kwambiri ndi chitukuko cha zitsulo zamagulu.PTFE mizere chitoliro, gulu zitsulo chitoliro mankhwala mu mphamvu, shipbuilding, mankhwala, mafuta ndi makina ndi madera ena akhala ankagwiritsa ntchito.Ukadaulo wopangidwa ndi chitsulo chophatikizira chubu makamaka umaphatikizapo kugudubuza, kuponyera, extrusion, brazing, kuwotcherera ndi zina zotero.
- 1.Magwiritsidwe osiyanasiyana a chitoliro chachitsulo chophatikizika
The osakaniza akafuna mitundu iwiri ya zipangizo wosanjikiza gulu zitsulo alimbane chitoliro kwathunthu zimadalira ntchito zofunika ndi makhalidwe chilengedwe.Chitoliro choyambira chachitsulo chimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso kukhazikika, mtengo wotsika komanso ntchito yabwino.Chitoliro chophimbidwa ndi chitsulo chidzakhala cholimba kwambiri ndipo chimakhala ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi dzimbiri la chilengedwe.wosanjikiza Izi zikhoza kukhala mu wosanjikiza wamkati wa gulu zitsulo chitoliro (mkati gulu chitoliro) kapena mu wosanjikiza kunja (kunja gulu chitoliro). Malinga ndi chikhalidwe ntchito akhoza kugawidwa mu mankhwala ntchito madzi chitoliro cha gasi, mafuta ndi mpweya payipi ndi mafuta. chitoliro chabwino, boiler, chotenthetsera zinyalala chokhala ndi chubu angapo, chitoliro chosinthira kutentha, chokana kuvala, kapangidwe ka dzimbiri ndi machubu angapo ndi chitoliro chokongoletsera, ndi zina zambiri, ndikukula kosalekeza kwa ukadaulo waukadaulo wa chitoliro, mawonekedwe amitundu yosiyanasiyana. chitoliro chidzawonjezedwa kumadera ambiri ogwiritsira ntchito.
- 2. Njira yopangirakompositi zitsulo chitoliro
Mipope zitsulo zophatikizika akhoza kugawidwa mu mitundu iwiri, bimetallic ndi iwiri wosanjikiza, malinga ndi dziko ophatikizana kukhudzana interfaces a mitundu iwiri ya mipope zitsulo.The gulu zitsulo chitoliro ndi kukhudzana mawonekedwe a mkati ndi kunja wosanjikiza chikugwirizana ndi zitsulo mgwirizano digirii amatchedwa bimetallic chitoliro, pamene kukhudzana mawonekedwe a mkati ndi kunja wosanjikiza amangofika kugwirizana makina, ndi gulu zitsulo chitoliro ndi kotenga chigawo wosanjikiza ndi wosanjikiza momasuka analekanitsidwa. amatchedwa double layer pipe.Pali njira zambiri zopangira mipope yachitsulo yophatikizika, iliyonse ili ndi mawonekedwe ake komanso kuchuluka kwa ntchito.
- 2.1 Njira yogwira ntchito yotentha
Munjira iyi, chitsulo cha carbon steel billet chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chitsulo chakunja, dzenje lapakati limabowoleza, ndipo chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kapena nickel alloy ndodo imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati wosanjikiza wamkati.Chitsimikizo chakunja mawonekedwe a chitoliro chophatikizika, zofunikira zakuwonongeka kwa chitoliro chamkati, pomwe bar ndi billet pamwamba pambuyo pa dzenje lamkati ndi zoyera, zidzatsekereza dzenje la chitoliro, kuwotcherera malekezero a chubu billet, gwiritsani ntchito mlingo. wa otsika pafupipafupi koyilo induction kuwongolera kutentha, pambuyo kutenthedwa kukhazikitsa kutentha, mu 1 600 t otentha nkhonya pa ofukula hayidiroliki kukhomola makina, chitoliro billet mu zozungulira perforation mode ndi axial wothinikizidwa gauge bwalo perforation, pambuyo matenthedwe perforated chubu billet, bar. ndi zinthu m'munsi kuti kuphatikiza zitsulo.Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Tubacex, kampani yaku Spain yopangidwa ndi zitsulo zotulutsa zitsulo, kupanga mapaipi achitsulo okhala ndi ma diameter akunja a 60 · 3 ndi 219 · Imm.Kukhuthala kwa chitoliro chopanda dzimbiri nthawi zambiri kumakhala 10% mpaka 0% ya makulidwe onse a chitoliro chophatikizika, nthawi zambiri pakati pa 2 cm ndi 1 cm osachepera.
- 2.2 Njira yowotcherera zitsulo zophatikizika
Njira imeneyi angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga gulu zitsulo mapaipi kwa mafuta ndi mpweya kufala mapaipi ndi diameters zazikulu kuposa 300mm. The gulu zitsulo mbale anagulung'undisa mu chubu billet ndi ndondomeko UO, ndiyeno welded mu msoko utali.The ndondomeko otaya gulu zitsulo chitoliro opangidwa ndi njira ili motere: kotenga nthawi msoko kuwotcherera - chitoliro kukula - kutentha mankhwala a zitsulo pepala i-jo kupanga billet.
- 2.3 Kuzizira kwa kufalikira kwa annealing
Ma chubu azinthu zosiyanasiyana amapangidwa kukhala machubu oziziritsa kapena okokedwa ndi ozizira motsatana.Lamba wochepa kwambiri wosungunuka wapakatikati amamangidwa mozungulira mbali yakunja ya mkati mwa chubu billets.Pambuyo pojambula kuzizira, kufalikira kwa kutentha kwakukulu kumachitidwa.Makhalidwe a zitsulo zophatikizika zitsulo zokhala ndi chitoliro chokwanira chopangidwa ndi ndondomekoyi ndikuti malire olowa nawo ndi omveka bwino komanso ngakhale.Chifukwa chowonjezera chitsulo chotsika chosungunuka pakati pa zomangira ziwiri zomangira, mphamvu zake zomangirira zimakhala zapamwamba, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazikulu kuposa 300MPao.The otsika mfundo zitsulo gasket zinthu zambiri Ni - P aloyi, ndi kusungunuka kwake kutentha amachepetsa ndi kuwonjezeka zili P. The gaskets ena ndi B (1, 4Wt%), Si (mpaka 9Wt %), cr (mpaka 30Wt%) iron - kapena ni-based alloys.Malo osungunuka a gasket amayenera kukhala otsika kuposa chubu lakunja ndi chubu lamkati.Chubu chachitsulo chophatikizika chopangidwa ndi njirayi chimatha kupirira kupindika, ndipo kulondola kwake komanso mawonekedwe ake apamwamba amatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-21-2016