Pulasitiki ya thermoplastic, kapena thermosoftening pulasitiki, ndi pulasitiki, polima, yomwe imatha kupindika kapena kuumbika pamwamba pa kutentha kwina ndikukhazikika pakuzizira.
Ma thermoplastics ambiri amakhala ndi kulemera kwakukulu kwa maselo.Unyolo wa polima umalumikizana ndi mphamvu za intermolecular, zomwe zimafowoka mwachangu ndi kutentha kwakukulu, kutulutsa madzi a viscous.Chifukwa chake, ma thermoplastics amatha kusinthidwanso ndi kutentha ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga magawo ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira ma polima monga jekeseni, kuponderezana, kuwerengera, ndi kutulutsa.Ma thermoplastics amasiyana ndi ma polima a thermosetting, omwe amapanga zomangira zosasinthika zamankhwala panthawi yakuchiritsa.Ma thermosets samasungunuka akatenthedwa: amawola ndipo sasintha akazizira.
Zachikriliki:Acrylic, polima yotchedwa poly (PMMA), imadziwikanso ndi mayina amalonda monga Lucite, Perspex ndi Plexiglas.Imagwira ngati choloweza m'malo mwagalasi pazinthu monga zam'madzi, zowonera za zipewa za njinga zamoto, mawindo a ndege, madoko owonera a submersibles, ndi magalasi a magetsi akunja agalimoto.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zizindikiro, kuphatikiza zilembo ndi ma logo.Muzamankhwala, amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu simenti ya mafupa ndikusintha magalasi amaso.Utoto wa Acrylic uli ndi tinthu ta PMMA toimitsidwa m'madzi.
ABS:Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) ndi terpolymer yopangidwa kuchokera ku styrene ndi acrylonitrile pamaso pa polybutadiene.ABS ndi chinthu chopepuka chopepuka chomwe chimawonetsa kukana kwakukulu komanso kulimba kwamakina.Zimabweretsa zowopsa zochepa ku thanzi la munthu pozisamalira bwino.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zambiri zogula, monga zoseweretsa, zida zamagetsi, ndi mafoni.
Nayiloni:Nayiloni ndi m'gulu la ma polima otchedwa polyamides.Zakhala zolowa m'malo mwa hemp, thonje ndi silika, muzinthu monga parachute, zingwe, matanga, ma flak vests ndi zovala zazimayi.Ulusi wa nayiloni ndiwothandiza popanga nsalu, zingwe, makapeti ndi zingwe zoimbira, pomwe mu mawonekedwe ochulukirapo, nayiloni imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zamakina kuphatikiza zomangira zamakina, magiya ndi zida zamagetsi.Kuphatikiza apo, amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zosagwirizana ndi kutentha.
PLA:Polylactic acid (polylactide) ndi biodegradable thermoplastic aliphatic polyester yochokera ku zinthu zongowonjezwdwa, monga chimanga wowuma (ku United States), tapioca mizu, tchipisi kapena wowuma (makamaka ku Asia), kapena nzimbe.Ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posindikiza za 3D ndi njira zofananira zofananira (FDM).
Polybenzimidazole:Ulusi wa Polybenzimidazole ndi ulusi wopangira womwe umasungunuka kwambiri.Lili ndi kukhazikika kwapadera kwa kutentha ndi mankhwala ndipo silimayaka mosavuta.Anapezeka koyamba ndi katswiri wa zamankhwala wa polima waku America Carl Shipp Marvel pofunafuna zida zatsopano zokhazikika bwino, zosunga zolimba, zolimba pakutentha kokwera.Chifukwa cha kukhazikika kwake, Polybenzimidazole imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zovala zodzitchinjiriza kwambiri monga zida zozimitsa moto, suti zapamlengalenga zamlengalenga, magolovesi oteteza kutentha kwambiri, zovala zowotcherera ndi nsalu zapakhoma la ndege.M'zaka zaposachedwa, polybenzimidazole idapezeka kuti imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nembanemba m'maselo amafuta.
Polycarbonate:Polycarbonate (PC) thermoplastics amadziwika pansi pa zizindikiro monga Lexan, Makrolon, Makroclear, ndi arcoPlus.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosavuta, kuumbidwa, ndi kutenthedwa kwa ntchito zambiri, monga zida zamagetsi, zomangira, zida zosungiramo deta, zida zamagalimoto ndi ndege, fufuzani zoyambira mu prosthetics, ndi kuwala kwachitetezo.Ma polycarbonates alibe code yozindikiritsa utomoni wapadera.Zinthu zopangidwa kuchokera ku polycarbonate zimatha kukhala ndi precursor monomer bisphenol A (BPA).
Polyether sulfone:Polyether sulfone (PES) ndi gulu la ma thermoplastics opangidwa mwapadera omwe ali ndi kutentha kwambiri, okosijeni, komanso kukhazikika kwa hydrolytic, komanso kukana bwino ku ma acid amchere amchere, ma alkali, njira zamchere, mafuta ndi mafuta.
Polyoxymethylene:Polyoxymethylene (POM), yomwe imadziwikanso kuti acetal, polyacetal ndi polyformaldehyde, ndi engineering thermoplastic yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo olondola omwe amafunikira kuuma kwakukulu, kugundana kochepa, komanso kukhazikika kwabwino kwambiri.Monga ma polima ena ambiri opangira, amapangidwa ndi makampani osiyanasiyana opanga mankhwala okhala ndi mitundu yosiyana pang'ono ndipo amagulitsidwa mosiyanasiyana ndi mayina monga Delrin, Celcon, Ramtal, Duracon, Kepital ndi Hostaform.
Polyetherther ketone:Polyether ether ketone(PEEK) ndi polyether ether ketone (PEEK) ndi polima wopanda mtundu wa organic thermoplastic mubanja la polyaryletherketone (PAEK), yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga uinjiniya.Idayambitsidwa ndi Victrex PLC, kenako ICI (Imperial Chemical Industries) koyambirira kwa 1980s.Lili ndi zinthu zowoneka bwino monga kukana kwabwino kwa abrasion, kutsika pang'ono komanso kutulutsa utsi ndi mpweya wapoizoni.
Polyetherimide:Polyetherimide (PEI), yopangidwa ndi buku la nitro displacement reaction yomwe imaphatikizapo bisphenol A, 4, 4'-methylenedianiline ndi 3-nitrophthalic anhydride, imakhala ndi kutentha kwakukulu kwa kutentha, mphamvu zamanjenje ndi modulus.Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazigawo zamagetsi zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi, zida za microwave, ndi zida zamagalimoto zapansi pa-hood.
Polyethylene:Polyethylene (polyethene, polyethylene, PE) ndi banja lazinthu zofanana zomwe zimagawidwa molingana ndi kachulukidwe kake ndi kapangidwe ka maselo. Imadziwikanso kuti poli ndipo imapezeka powonjezerapo polymerization ya ethylene. Itha kukhala yocheperako kapena yocheperako kwambiri njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga.Imagonjetsedwa ndi chinyezi komanso mankhwala ambiri.Imasinthasintha kutentha kwa chipinda.(ndi kutentha kochepa) ndipo akhoza kusindikizidwa kutentha.
Polyphenylene oxide:Polyphenylene oxide (PPO), yomwe imachokera ku free-radical, sitepe-kukula kwa oxidative coupling polymerization ya 2,6-xylenol, imakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zokongola monga kupotoza kutentha kwakukulu ndi mphamvu yamphamvu, kukhazikika kwa mankhwala ku mineral ndi organic acid, ndi mayamwidwe otsika madzi.PPO ndi yovuta kukonza, chifukwa chake utomoni wamalonda (Noryl) umapangidwa pophatikiza PPO ndi polystyrene yapamwamba kwambiri (HIPS), yomwe imathandizira kuchepetsa kutentha.
Polyphenylene sulfide:Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) yopezedwa ndi condensation polymerization ya p-dichlorobenzene ndi sodium sulfide, imakhala ndi kukana kwapadera kwamankhwala, mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi, kutsika kwamoto kwabwino kwambiri, kukangana kochepa komanso kuwonekera kwambiri ku radiation ya microwave.PPS imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popaka utoto.Izi zimachitika popopera madzi slurry wa PPS particles ndi kutentha ku kutentha pamwamba pa 370 ° C.Makasitomala apadera a PPS atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu jakisoni ndi kuponderezana akamatenthetsa (300 mpaka 370 ° C) pomwe tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta PPS timafewetsa ndikudutsana.Ntchito zazikuluzikulu za jakisoni ndi kuponderezedwa kowumbidwa PPS kumaphatikizapo zophikira, ma bearing, ndi zida zapampu kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo owononga osiyanasiyana.
Polypropylene:Polypropylene (PP) ndiyothandiza pazinthu zosiyanasiyana monga zotengera zakudya za pulasitiki zogwiritsidwanso ntchito, zotengera zapulasitiki zotetezedwa ndi ma microwave- ndi zotsukira mbale, zoyatsira matewera, zingwe, makapeti, zomangira pulasitiki, mapaipi, mabatire agalimoto, kutchinjiriza kwamagetsi. zingwe ndi zosefera za mpweya ndi zamadzimadzi.Mu mankhwala, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza chophukacho ndi kupanga zipangizo zachipatala zosagwira kutentha.Mapepala a polypropylene amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zikwatu zolembera ndi kulongedza ndi nkhokwe zowonekera bwino.Polypropylene imatanthauzidwa ndi nambala ya pulasitiki yobwezeretsedwanso 5. Ngakhale kuti ilibe mphamvu, imakhala yosatetezeka ku cheza cha ultraviolet ndipo imatha kuwonongeka kwambiri padzuwa lachindunji.Polypropylene ndiyosamva mphamvu ngati ma polyethylenes (HDPE, LDPE).Komanso ndi penapake permeable ku mipweya kwambiri kusakhazikika ndi zamadzimadzi.
Polystyrene:Polystyrene imapangidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakhala ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana.Extruded polystyrene (PS) imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zodula zotayidwa, ma CD ndi ma DVD, mitundu ya pulasitiki yamagalimoto ndi mabwato, komanso nyumba zowonera utsi.Expanded polystyrene foam (EPS) imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zotchingira ndi kuyika zinthu, monga "mtedza" ndi thovu lopangidwa lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kubisa zinthu zosalimba.Extruded polystyrene foam (XPS), yomwe imadziwika ndi dzina lamalonda la Styrofoam, imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zitsanzo zamamangidwe ndi makapu akumwa zakumwa zotentha.Ma polystyrene copolymers amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zoseweretsa ndi ma casings azinthu.
Polyvinyl chloride:Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) ndi chinthu cholimba, chopepuka chomwe sichimva ma acid ndi maziko.Zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mafakitale omanga, monga vinyl siding, drainpipes, ngalande ndi mapepala ofolera.Amasinthidwanso kukhala mawonekedwe osinthika ndi kuwonjezera kwa plasticizers, potero zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zothandiza pazinthu monga hoses, tubing, kusungunula magetsi, malaya, jekete ndi upholstery.Flexible PVC imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pazinthu zowotcha, monga mabedi amadzi ndi zoseweretsa zamadziwe.PVC ndi chinthu chodziwika bwino pazithunzi za vinyl, makamaka m'mayiko monga Japan, kumene zinthuzo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzomwe zimatchedwa Sofubi.Pamene PVC imapindika mosavuta ndipo imakhala ndi chizolowezi chopindika panthawi yodutsa, njira 'yokonzera' kupindika uku ndikutenthetsa pulasitiki mpaka itayenda, kenako 'kupindika'nso zinthuzo kuti zikhale zolondola.
polima:polima dzina la mtundu wa DuPont wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), yomwe ili m'gulu la thermoplastics
Nthawi yotumiza: May-01-2018