Kodi PTFE ndi yotetezeka?

PTFE, yopangidwa ndi chimphona chamankhwala padziko lonse lapansi DuPont m'zaka za m'ma 1930, idakhala chizindikiro chosavuta kukhitchini monga chomata ndi chopangira chakudya.

Koma PTFE ikhoza kufika pamapeto - chifukwa njira yopangira imagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe angayambitse khansa, ndipo bungwe la US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) likufuna kuti kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mankhwalawa kuthe.

Mankhwalawa - otchedwa perfluorooctanoic acid, kapena PFOA - amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala otchedwa fluoropolymers, omwe amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kupanga polima ndi zinthu zina monga mafuta ndi zokutira madzi pa carpet, nsalu, zikopa ndi mapepala.

Zimadziwika kuti PFOA imafalikira m'magazi a anthu wamba (ngakhale m'malo otsika), komwe imakhala kwa zaka 10 isanachotsedwe.Mu nyama za labotale, PFOA yawonetsedwa yomwe imayambitsa khansa, kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi, kuwonongeka kwa kukula, kuwonongeka kwa chitetezo chamthupi ndi imfa.Palibe umboni wachindunji wosonyeza kuti ndizovulaza anthu.

EPA idafunsa a DuPont, ndi makampani ena asanu ndi awiri omwe amagwiritsa ntchito PFOA popanga, kuti asiye kugwiritsa ntchito kwake.DuPont yavomera kuchitapo kanthu pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti pofika chaka cha 2015, mankhwalawo asatuluke m’chilengedwe kuchokera ku malo ake opangira zinthu, ngakhale kuti sanavomereze kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito, kapena kusiya kupanga polima.Vuto la Dupont ndiloti, momwe likuyimira pano, silingathe kupanga polima popanda mankhwala awa, ngakhale akuti akufunafuna cholowa m'malo.

Zowonadi, pali zowonetsa kuti kampaniyo idadziwa kwakanthawi kuti PFOA ndiyowopsa, koma idapitiliza kuigwiritsa ntchito.

Mu 2004, a DuPont adalipira US $ 300 miliyoni ngati chiwongolero chakunja kwa khothi kwa anthu pafupifupi 50,000 omwe amakhala pafupi ndi fakitale yake yaku West Virginia ndipo omwe adachitapo kanthu motsutsana ndi kampaniyo, ponena kuti ndiyomwe idayipitsa madzi am'deralo ndi PFOA, zomwe zidayambitsa. kubadwa ndi zowopsa zina paumoyo.Kampaniyo idakhazikika popanda kuvomereza mlandu.

Kutsatira izi, mu 2005, EPA idalipira DuPont chindapusa cha US $ 16.5 miliyoni atapeza kuti kampaniyo idadziwa kwazaka zopitilira makumi awiri kuti PFOA ndi yovulaza, ndipo idakhala chete.

Kodi nditaya poto yanga yopanda ndodo?

Zikafika pazinthu zopanda ndodo zokha, DuPont imati palibe chiopsezo kwa ogula.PFOA, akuti kampaniyo, imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga koma imachotsedwa panthawiyi.Palibe PFOA yomwe yatsala pamalo osamata pachinthu chomaliza.

EPA ikuvomereza.'Pakadali pano, EPA sakhulupirira kuti pali chifukwa chilichonse choti ogula asiye kugwiritsa ntchito ogula kapena zinthu zokhudzana ndi mafakitale zomwe zili ndi PFOA', ikutero tsamba la EPA.

Komabe, mapoto osamata amatha kutulutsa poizoni.Potentha kwambiri polima amadziwika kuti amapereka 15 mitundu ya poizoni particles ndi mpweya, kuphatikizapo trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) ndi phosgene.Mankhwalawa amadziwika kuti ndi oopsa kwa mbalame.Ndipo mwa anthu amadwala mutu, kuzizira, kupweteka kwa msana, ndi kutentha thupi - matenda omwe amadziwika kuti 'polymer flu'.

DuPont imavomereza izi, koma imati mwa anthu matendawa amatha kusintha, ndipo mulimonse momwe zingakhalire zimangozizira kwambiri, osati panthawi yophika bwino.

Izinso ndi nzeru zovomerezeka pakati pa ogula;ku Australia, mwachitsanzo, mu November 2004 'mayeso amsewu' a zokazinga zopanda ndodo, bungwe la Australian Consumers' Association linati:

'Ndizowona kuti mankhwala monga trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) amatha kuperekedwa ndi zokutira zina pa kutentha kwambiri.Koma sizokayikitsa kuti izi zichitike pophika wamba…Kafukufuku sanawonetse kuwononga kwanthawi yayitali kwa TFA pa anthu.Panopa palibe umboni wosonyeza kuti kuphika kosagwiritsa ntchito ndodo kumabweretsa ngozi.'

Pafupifupi 80 peresenti ya ziwiya zakukhitchini zopanda ndodo zomwe zimagulitsidwa ku Australia zimagwiritsa ntchito polima - zina zonse zimapangidwa ndi makampani ena opanga mankhwala pogwiritsa ntchito njira yofananira yomwe imakhudza PFOA.Palibe zopangira ma polima ku Australia.

Koma bungwe la Environmental Working Group (EWG), gulu lodziyimira pawokha la US lopanda phindu, limatsutsa izi.Imati polima imayamba kuwonongeka kutentha kwa cookware kukafika pafupifupi 260 ° C (500 ° F), ndipo imayamba kuwola kwambiri kuposa 350 ° C (660 ° F).Mafuta ophikira, mafuta ndi batala adzayamba kutentha ndi kusuta pafupifupi 200 ° C (392 ° F), ndipo nyama nthawi zambiri imakhala yokazinga pakati pa 200-230 ° C (400-450 ° F), koma malo otentha mu poto amatha mosavuta. kupitilira kutentha uku.

Kutulutsa mpweya kumatha kuchitika ngati poto ya polima itasiyidwa mosasamala.Pini ya polima imatha kufika 383 ° C (721 ° F) m'mphindi zisanu zokha yotenthetsera pa stovetop wamba, yamagetsi, ikutero EWG.

Ogula kusankha?

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti palibe mankhwala a polima omwe adakumbukiridwanso ku US, Australia kapena kwina kulikonse.Ponena za mabungwe owongolera, ndi otetezeka - bola ngati simuwalola kuti atenthedwe.

Koma kupeza kuti mankhwala pakupanga kwadziwika kuti akuyambitsa khansa, zomwe kampaniyo idavomereza - pamodzi ndi 'zovuta' za kampani ndi EPA m'mbuyomu - zitha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo.

Vuto lamakampani ngati DuPont ndilakuti, ogula akuchulukirachulukira kulanga zinthu pamsika zomwe zimawoneka kuti zili ndi funso pachitetezo chawo, ngakhale kampani idawatsimikizira kuti ndi otetezeka, ngakhale zidali kale zogula.Ganizirani ndudu, chakudya chofulumira, ndi chimanga cham'mawa chowonjezera shuga.