Polima adsorption

Adsorption ndi kumamatira kwa ayoni kapena mamolekyu pamwamba pa gawo lina. Adsorption imatha kuchitika kudzera mu physisorption ndi chemisorption.Ma Ioni ndi mamolekyu amatha kukopa mitundu yambiri yamalo kuphatikiza ma polima.Polima ndi molekyulu yayikulu yopangidwa ndi ma subunits obwereza omangidwa pamodzi ndi ma covalent bond.Kutengeka kwa ma ion ndi mamolekyu kumalo a polima kumagwira ntchito pazinthu zambiri kuphatikiza: biomedical, structural, and coatings.

Polimamawonekedwe amasiyana ndi osakhala polima chifukwa ma subunits omwe amapanga pamwamba amalumikizana mwamphamvu wina ndi mnzake.Malo osakhala a polima amatha kumangidwa ndi ma ionic bond, zitsulo zachitsulo kapena mphamvu za intermolecular (IMFs).Mu dongosolo la zigawo ziwiri, malo osakhala a polima amapanga pamene mphamvu zabwino zowonjezera zimafunika kuti zithetsere kuyanjana ndi kupanga zosagwirizana.Choncho, mphamvu yosakaniza ndi yabwino.Kuchuluka kwa mphamvuyi, monga momwe tafotokozera ndi kukangana kwapakati pa nkhope, kumasiyana malinga ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipangizo.Komabe, ndi ma polima, ma subunits amalumikizana molumikizana ndipo gawo lalikulu la malo olimba salola kuti kugwedezeka kwapamtunda kuyesedwe mwachindunji.Mphamvu za intermolecular pakati pa mamolekyu akuluakulu a polima ndizovuta kuwerengera ndipo sizingadziwike mosavuta monga momwe ma molekyulu omwe siapolima amalumikizana nawo.[2]Ma subunits omangika bwino amapanga malo okhala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana poyerekeza ndi malo omwe siapolima.Zitsanzo zina za malo a polima ndi awa: polyvinyl chloride (PVC), nayiloni, polyethylene (PE), ndi polypropylene (PP).Malo a polima adawunikidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza: kusanthula ma electron microscopy, scanning tunnel microscopy, ndi infrared spectroscopy.

Malo osiyanasiyana a polima amakhala ndi maunyolo osiyanasiyana pama monomers awo omwe amatha kulipira chifukwa cha kutsatsa kapena kupatukana kwa ma adsorbates.Mwachitsanzo, polystyrene sulfonate ili ndi ma monomer okhala ndi unyolo wam'mbali wopanda pake womwe umatha kukopa ma adsorbates okhala ndi mphamvu.Polystyrene sulfonate imapangitsa kuti adsorbate yokhala ndi chaji chabwino kuposa yoyimbidwa molakwika.Mosiyana ndi izi, polima yomwe ili ndi maunyolo am'mbali okhala bwino, monga poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride), ma adsorbates okhala ndi vuto loyipa amakopeka kwambiri.

Zomangamanga

Zopangira ma polima apamwamba:Ma composites apamwamba a polima amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbikitsa ndi kukonzanso zinthu zakale.Zophatikizika zapamwambazi zitha kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana kuphatikiza prepreg, resin, kulowetsedwa, kupiringa kwa filament ndi pultrusion.Ma composites apamwamba kwambiri a polima amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mapangidwe ambiri a ndege ndipo msika wawo waukulu uli muzamlengalenga komanso chitetezo.

Ma polima opangidwa ndi fiber:Ma polima opangidwa ndi fiber-reinforced (FRP) amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi akatswiri opanga zomangamanga m'mapangidwe awo.FRPs amayankha mzere-elastically ku axial stress, kuwapanga kukhala chinthu chabwino chonyamula katundu.Ma FRP nthawi zambiri amakhala opangidwa ndi laminate ndipo lamina iliyonse imakhala ndi unidirectional ulusi, makamaka kaboni kapena galasi, wophatikizidwa mkati mwa zinthu zopepuka za polima.Ma FRP ali ndi kukana kwakukulu motsutsana ndi kuwonekera kwa chilengedwe komanso kulimba kwambiri.

Polytetrafluoroethylene:Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) ndi polima yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zambiri kuphatikiza zokutira zopanda ndodo, zokongoletsa, ndi zothira mafuta.PTFE ndi molekyulu ya hydrophobic yopangidwa ndi kaboni ndi fluorine.Zomangira za carbon-fluorine zimapangitsa PTFE kukhala chinthu chotsika kwambiri, chothandizira kutentha kwambiri komanso kusagwirizana ndi kupsinjika maganizo.Izi zimapangitsa kuti PTFE ikhale yosasunthika komanso yogwiritsidwa ntchito m'magulu osiyanasiyana.

Polima adsorption mu porous media:Kukometsedwa kwakuthupi ndi kutsekeka kwamakina ndizifukwa ziwiri zazikulu zosungira polima pama media a porous.Kusungidwa kwa polima pang'ono m'nkhokwe ndikofunikira kuti ntchito ya polima EOR ipambane.