Njira Yopanga ya PTFE

Tetrafluoroethylene inakonzedwa koyamba mu 1933. Zogulitsa zamakono zamakono zimachokera ku fluorspar, sulfuric acid ndi chloroform.

Basic Kupanga Njira ya PTFE Polymer:

Kupanga kwa PTFE Polymer/Utomoni kumachitika m'magawo awiri.Choyamba, TFE Monomer nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi kaphatikizidwe wa Kashiamu Fluoride (Fluorospar), Sulfuric Acid & Chloroform & kenako polymerisation wa TFE ikuchitika mu zinthu mosamala ankalamulira kupanga PTFE.Chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa ma CF okhazikika & amphamvu, molekyulu ya PTFE ili ndi inertness yapadera yamakina, kukana kutentha kwambiri & mawonekedwe odabwitsa amagetsi amagetsi;kuphatikiza zabwino frictional katundu.

Kuyeretsa kwa TFE:

Monomer yoyera ndiyofunikira polima.Ngati zonyansa zilipo zidzakhudza mankhwala omaliza.Gasiyo amatsukidwa kaye kuti achotse hydrochloric acid iliyonse kenako amawathira kuti alekanitse zonyansa zina.

Polymerization ya TFE:

Tetrafluoroethylene yoyera yosadziletsa imatha kuphulika ndi chiwawa, ngakhale pa kutentha koyambirira kumunsi kwa kutentha kwa chipinda.Chitsulo chopangidwa ndi siliva, chodzaza kotala ndi yankho lokhala ndi magawo 0,2 ammonium sulphate, magawo 1.5 a borax ndi magawo 100 amadzi, komanso pH ya 9.2.The riyakitala anatsekedwa;anasamutsidwa ndi 30 mbali za monoma analoledwa. The riyakitala anali kukwiya kwa ola limodzi pa 80 ° C ndipo pambuyo kuzirala anapereka 86% zokolola za polima.PTFE amapangidwa malonda ndi njira ziwiri zikuluzikulu, mmodzi kutsogolera otchedwa 'granular' polima ndi chachiwiri kumabweretsa kubalalitsidwa kwa polima wa bwino kwambiri tinthu kukula ndi m'munsi maselo kulemera.Njira imodzi yopangira chomalizayi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya 0.1% yamadzimadzi ya disuccinic acid peroxide.Zochitazo zidachitika pa kutentha mpaka 90 ° C.

Njira Zina:

Kuwola kwa TFE mchikakamizo cha magetsi arc.Polymerization ikuchitika ndi emulsion njira ntchito peroxide oyambitsa mwachitsanzo H2O2 (Hydrogen peroxide) ndi yachitsulo sulphate.Nthawi zina oxygen imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati choyambitsa.

Kapangidwe ndi Katundu wa PTFE:

Kapangidwe kakemidwe ka PTFE ndi polima liniya wa C- F2 - C- F2 wopanda nthambi iliyonse & zodziwika bwino za PTFE zimalumikizidwa ndi Carbon - Fluorine bond yamphamvu & yokhazikika.

Polytetrafluoroethylene ndi polima mzere wopanda nthambi iliyonse.Pamene molekyulu ya polyethylene ndi mawonekedwe a planar zigzag mu crystalline zone izi ndi sterically zosatheka ndi PTFE chifukwa maatomu fulorini kukhala wamkulu kuposa wa haidrojeni.Zotsatira zake, molekyuluyo imatenga zigzag yopindika pomwe maatomu a fluorine atanyamula mozungulira mozungulira mafupa a carbon-carbon.Kutembenuka kwathunthu kwa spiral kudzakhudza ma atomu a kaboni 26 pansi pa 19 ° C ndi 30 ° C pamwamba pake pamakhala kusintha komwe kumakhudza kusintha kwa voliyumu 1% pa kutentha uku.The yaying'ono interlocking wa maatomu fluorine kumabweretsa molekyu kuuma kwambiri ndi mbali imeneyi imene imatsogolera mkulu crystalline kusungunuka mfundo ndi matenthedwe mawonekedwe bata la polima.

The intermolecular kukopa pakati PTFE mamolekyu ndi yaing'ono kwambiri, ndi computed solubility chizindikiro kukhala 12.6 (MJ/m3) 1/2Polima chochuluka alibe motero ndi mkulu okhwima ndi kumakoka mphamvu amene nthawi zambiri kugwirizana ndi ma polima ndi mkulu kufewetsa mfundo.Chomangira cha carbon-fluorine ndi chokhazikika kwambiri.Kupitilira apo, pomwe maatomu awiri a fulorini amalumikizidwa ku atomu imodzi ya kaboni pali kuchepa kwa mtunda wa mgwirizano wa C-F kuchokera ku 1.42 A mpaka 1.35 A. Chifukwa chake mphamvu zomangira zimatha kukhala mpaka 504 kJ/mole.Popeza chomangira china chokha chomwe chilipo ndi chokhazikika cha C-C, PTFE imakhala ndi kutentha kwambiri, ngakhale ikatenthedwa pamwamba pa kristalo wake wosungunuka wa 327 ° C.Chifukwa cha crystallinity yake yapamwamba komanso kulephera kuyanjana kwapadera, palibe zosungunulira pa kutentha kwa chipinda.Pakutentha koyandikira posungunuka, zakumwa zina za fluorinated monga palafini wa per-fluorinated zidzasungunula polima.

The zimatha PTFE zimadalira mtundu wa polima ndi njira processing.The polima akhoza kusiyana tinthu kukula ndi / kapena molecular kulemera.Kukula kwa tinthu ting'onoting'ono kumakhudza momwe ntchito ikugwiritsidwira ntchito komanso kuchuluka kwa voids muzinthu zomalizidwa pomwe kulemera kwa maselo kumakhudza crystallinity motero zinthu zambiri zakuthupi.Njira zogwirira ntchito zidzakhudzanso crystallinity komanso zopanda kanthu.

Kulemera kwapakati pa maselo a ma polima amalonda amawoneka kuti ndi apamwamba kwambiri ndipo ali mumtundu wa 400000 mpaka 9000000. ICI inanena kuti zipangizo zawo zimakhala ndi kulemera kwa maselo mumtundu wa 500000 mpaka 5000000 ndi kuchuluka kwa crystallinity kuposa 94 ~ monga momwe amapangidwira.Ziwalo zopangidwa ndi kristalo wocheperako.Mlingo wa crystallinity wa mankhwala omalizidwa udzadalira mlingo wa kuzizira kuchokera kutentha kutentha.Kuziziritsa pang'onopang'ono kudzatsogolera ku kuwala kwakukulu ndi kuzizira kofulumira kumapereka zotsatira zosiyana.Zida zotsika zolemetsa zama cell zidzakhalanso zowala kwambiri.

Zikuoneka kuti kubalalitsidwa polima, amene ali aang'ono tinthu kukula ndi m'munsi maselo kulemera, amapereka mankhwala ndi kwambiri bwino kukana kusinthasintha komanso momveka bwino apamwamba kumangika mphamvu.Kuwongolera uku kumawoneka kuti kumachitika chifukwa chopanga zinthu ngati fiber mu unyinji wa polima panthawi yokonza.