Ndi kupita patsogolo kwa mafakitale, kuipitsa kuli vuto lalikulu kwa anthu.Mu Green drive, mwachitsanzo, kuti dziko likhale lopanda kuipitsa, ukadaulo wa radiation umatenga gawo lofunikira.Ma radiation a nyukiliya alowa m'njira zambiri zamankhwala.'Polymerization', 'kulumikiza' ndi 'kuchiritsa', njira zofunika kwambiri zamankhwala m'munda wa polima, zitha kupitilira kudzera munjira zama radiation.Ukadaulo wa radiation umakondedwa kuposa mphamvu zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse chifukwa chazifukwa zina, mwachitsanzo, kusintha kwakukulu komanso mtundu wazinthu zitha kuwongoleredwa, kupulumutsa mphamvu komanso zida, njira zoyeretsera, makina odzichitira okha ndi kupulumutsa anthu etc. Kupatula izi, ma radiation ndi Komanso njira yabwino yotsekera panjira zina wamba.Ma radiation awo a ma polima angagwiritsidwe ntchito m'magawo osiyanasiyana.Mukuwunikaku, chidwi chayang'ana kwambiri magawo anayi, mwachitsanzo, biomedical, nsalu, ukadaulo wamagetsi ndi membrane.
Kuyambira zaka za miyala ndi zitsulo, tabwera ku nthawi ya mphamvu ya nyukiliya ndi ma polima.Zowonadi, tikukhala m'dziko la ma polima.Ichi ndichifukwa chake asayansi ndi akatswiri aukadaulo adatcha nthawi ino ngati 'm'badwo wapolymeric'.Mu gawo lililonse la moyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku, timakumana ndi zinthu, zomwe ndi zipatso za polymerresearch.Kugwiritsa ntchito ma polima omwe akuchulukirachulukira m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku kwazaka makumi angapo zapitazi kwavomerezedwa ngati dalitso losakanikirana ndi asayansi ndi akatswiri aukadaulo.Ngakhale zidayamba m'zaka za zana lapitali, ntchito m'gawo lino la chemistry yakhala yofulumira kwambiri komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kothandiza komanso kosunthika, kotero kuti ma polima ndi ochulukirapo.
Zaka makumi atatu zapitazi zawonanso kutuluka kwa ma radiation a nyukiliya ngati gwero lamphamvu lamphamvu pakukonza mankhwala.Choncho, angagwiritsidwe ntchito m'madera osiyanasiyana mafakitale.Mfundo yakuti ma radiation amatha kuyambitsa kusintha kwamankhwala kapena kuwononga tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tapangitsa kuti ma radiation azigwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zamafakitale.Ma radiation a nyukiliya ndi ionizing, yomwe ikadutsa, imapereka ma ion abwino, ma elekitironi aulere, ma free radicals ndi mamolekyu okondwa.Kugwidwa kwa ma electron ndi mamolekyu kungayambitsenso ma anions.Chifukwa chake, mitundu yonse yamitundu yokhazikika imakhalapo kuti katswiri wamankhwala azisewera nayo.
Njira zopangira ma radiation zili ndi zabwino zambiri kuposa njira zina wamba.Pakuyambitsa, ma radiation amasiyana ndi kuyambitsa kwamankhwala.Pokonza ma radiation, palibe chothandizira kapena zowonjezera zomwe zimafunikira kuyambitsa zomwe zikuchitika.Nthawi zambiri ndi njira ya radiation, kuyamwa kwa mphamvu ndi thebackbone polymer kumayambitsa njira yaulere.Ndi kuyambitsa kwa mankhwala, ma free radicals amapangidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa oyambitsa kukhala tizidutswa tomwe timaukira polima yoyambira yomwe imatsogolera ku ma free radicals.Sakurada [1] anayerekeza mphamvu za njira ziwirizi ndipo akuti chiwerengero chomwecho cha ma radicals oyambilira amapangidwa mu nthawi imodzi ndi mlingo wa 1 rad/s kapena chemicalinitiator, mwachitsanzo benzoyl peroxide, pa ndende ya.01 M amagwiritsidwa ntchito .Kuyambika kwa mankhwala kumachepetsedwa ndi ndende ndi chiyero cha oyambitsa.Komabe, pankhani ya ma radiation, kuchuluka kwa ma radiation kumatha kukhala kosiyanasiyana kotero kuti zomwe zimachitika zimatha kuwongoleredwa bwino.Mosiyana ndi njira yoyambitsira mankhwala, njira yopangira ma radiation imakhalanso yopanda kuipitsidwa.Chemicalinitiation nthawi zambiri imabweretsa mavuto obwera chifukwa cha kutenthedwa komweko kwa woyambitsa.Koma mu njira yopangira ma radiation, mapangidwe a malo opangira ma radical aulere pa polima sikutengera kutentha koma amadalira mayamwidwe amphamvu kwambiri amphamvu ndi ma matrix a polima, chifukwa chake, kukonza ma radiation ndi kutentha palokha kapena, mu mawu ena, tinganene kuti ndi zeroactivation mphamvu ndondomeko kuyambitsa.
Popeza palibe chothandizira kapena zowonjezera zomwe zimafunikira, chiyero cha zinthu zomwe zakonzedwa zimatha kusungidwa.Withradiation processing, kulemera kwa maselo azinthu kumatha kuyendetsedwa bwino.Njira zama radiation zilinso ndi kuthekera koyambira m'malo olimba.Zomwe zatsirizidwa zimathanso kusinthidwa ndi njira ya radiation.
Mphamvu ya radiation ya nyukiliya, komabe, ndi yokwera mtengo ngakhale ndiyothandiza kwambiri pakubweretsa mankhwala.Mtengo wamagetsi oyika mphamvu ya radiation ndi wokwera kwambiri kuposa mphamvu yanthawi zonse ya kutentha kapena magetsi.Ngakhale zili choncho, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya nyukiliya ya nyukiliya kwasonyeza kuti ndi wapamwamba kwambiri ndiponso kuti n’ngokwera mtengo m’njira zingapo za mankhwala kuposa mphamvu zamitundu ina monga phulusa kapena mphamvu yamagetsi.Njira zopangira ma radiation zili ndi mphamvu zabwino pamphamvu ndipo zimafunikira malo ochepa oti akhazikitsidwe.
Kugwiritsa ntchito ma radiation pa ma polima atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo osiyanasiyana amakampani, mwachitsanzo, zamankhwala, nsalu, magetsi, nembanemba, simenti, zokutira, katundu wa mphira, matayala ndi mawilo, thovu, nsapato, masikono osindikizira, mlengalenga ndi mafakitale azamankhwala.Mukuwunikaku, chidwi chimayang'ana kwambiri magawo anayi: ukadaulo wa biomedical, nsalu, magetsi ndi membrane.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-12-2020